Kukhona uhlobo lokudla, oluthatha ukudla okuvamile njengempahla eluhlaza futhi luhlukile kuhlobo lokudla okuvamile. Ikhona ngesimo sempushana, uketshezi, njll. Ngokufanayo nempushana yobisi ne-protein powder, ingaphakelwa ngomlomo noma ngamakhala futhi ingagayeka kalula noma imunceke ngaphandle kokugaya. Kubizwa ngokuthi "ukudla kwefomula ngezinjongo ezikhethekile zezokwelapha", okungukuthi, manje sisebenzisa ukondliwa kwe-enteral emtholampilo.
1. Kuyini ukudla okunomsoco?
I-Enteral Nutrition (EN) iyindlela yokusekela ukudla okunomsoco ehlinzeka ngemisoco ehlukahlukene yomzimba ngokusebenzisa i-gastrointestinal tract ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-physiological and pathological body. Izinzuzo zayo ukuthi imisoco imuncwa ngokuqondile futhi isetshenziswe emathunjini, asebenza kahle ngokomzimba, alungele ukuphathwa, futhi izindleko eziphansi. Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo se-mucosa yamathumbu kanye nomsebenzi wokuvimbela.
2. Yiziphi izimo ezidinga ukudla okunomsoco?
Zonke iziguli ezinezinkomba zokusekela ukudla okunomsoco kanye nepheshana lesisu elisebenzayo nelitholakalayo lingathola ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco, okuhlanganisa i-dysphagia kanye ne-mastication; Ukungakwazi ukudla ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuqaphela noma i-coma; Isikhathi esizinzile sezifo zokugaya ukudla, njenge-fistula yamathumbu, isifo sofuba esifushane, isifo samathumbu esivuthayo kanye ne-pancreatitis; Isimo se-Hypercatabolic, njengeziguli ezinokutheleleka okunzima, ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlukumezeka nokushiswa okukhulu. Kukhona futhi izifo ezingapheli zokusebenzisa ukudla, njengesifo sofuba, isimila, njll; Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye nangemva kokuhlinzwa; Ukwelashwa kwe-Adjuvant ye-tumor chemotherapy kanye ne-radiotherapy; Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco wokusha nokuhlukumezeka; Ukuhluleka kwesibindi nezinso; Isifo senhliziyo; Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwe-amino acid metabolism; Isengezo noma inguquko yokondleka kwabazali.
3. Yiziphi izigaba zokudla okunomsoco?
Engqungqutheleni yokuqala ngesisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwamalungiselelo okudla okunomsoco, Igatsha laseBeijing le-Chinese Medical Association liphakamise ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwamalungiselelo okudla okunomsoco, futhi lahlongoza ukuhlukanisa amalungiselelo okudla okunomsoco abe yizinhlobo ezintathu, okuwuhlobo lwe-amino acid, uhlobo lwamaprotheni aphelele kanye nohlobo lwengxenye. I-amino acid matrix iyi-monomer, okuhlanganisa i-amino acid noma i-peptide emfushane, i-glucose, amafutha, amaminerali kanye nengxube yevithamini. Ilungele iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka kokugayeka kokudla emathunjini kanye nokusebenza kokumuncwa, kodwa ayinambitheki kahle futhi ifanele ukuphakelwa ngamakhala. Lonke uhlobo lwamaprotheni lusebenzisa amaprotheni aphelele noma amaprotheni amahhala njengomthombo we-nitrogen. Ifanele iziguli ezinomsebenzi ovamile noma oseduze ovamile wamathumbu. Inokunambitheka okuhle, futhi ingathathwa ngomlomo noma inikezwe ngamakhala. Uhlobo lwesakhi luhlanganisa ingxenye ye-amino acid, ingxenye ye-peptide emfushane, ingxenye yeprotheni ephelele, ingxenye ye-carbohydrate, ingxenye ye-long chain triglyceride (LCT), ingxenye ye-medium long chain triglyceride (MCT), isakhi samavithamini, njll., esetshenziswa kakhulu njengezithako noma iziqinisekiso zokudla okunomsoco okunomsoco.
4. Iziguli zikhetha kanjani ukudla okunomsoco?
Iziguli ezine-Nephrotic ziye zanda ukusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni futhi zijwayele ukuba nebhalansi ye-nitrogen engalungile, edinga amaprotheni aphansi nama-amino acid amalungiselelo acebile. Ukulungiswa kokudla okunomsoco wohlobo lwesifo sezinso kunothile ngama-amino acid abalulekile, aphansi kwamaprotheni, aphansi kwe-sodium ne-potassium, enganciphisa ngempumelelo umthwalo ezinso.
I-metabolism yama-amino acid anephunga elimnandi, i-tryptophan, i-methionine, njll. ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka kwesibindi ivinjiwe, i-branched chain amino acids iyancishiswa, futhi ama-amino acid anephunga elimnandi ayanda. Kodwa-ke, i-branched chain amino acids igaywe yimisipha, engakhulisi umthwalo esibindi, futhi ingaqhudelana nama-amino acid anephunga elimnandi ukuze ingene emgodleni wobuchopho begazi, ithuthukise izifo zesibindi nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, ama-amino acid e-branched chain angakwazi ukulandisa ngaphezu kuka-35% ~ 40% wengqikithi yama-amino acid kumsoco wohlobo lwesifo sesibindi.
Ngemuva kokushisa okukhulu, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesiguli liyakhuphuka, ama-hormone kanye nezici zokuvuvukala zikhishwa ngobuningi, futhi umzimba usesimweni se-metabolism ephezulu. Ngaphandle kwesilonda, amathumbu angesinye sezitho eziyinhloko ezine-endogenous high metabolism. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okunomsoco kufanele kube namaprotheni amaningi, amandla aphezulu kanye namafutha agayeka kalula anoketshezi oluncane.
Amalungiselelo okudla okungenamsoco ezigulini ezinezifo zamaphaphu kufanele abe nokuqukethwe kwamafutha amaningi, okuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate ephansi, nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kuphela ukuze kugcinwe izicubu ezithambile kanye ne-anabolism, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi wokuphefumula.
Ngenxa yethonya le-chemotherapy, isimo somsoco kanye nokusebenza komzimba kweziguli ezinezimila ezimbi kubi, futhi izicubu zesimila zisebenzisa amafutha amancane. Ngakho-ke, amalungiselelo okudla okunomsoco ngamafutha aphezulu, amaprotheni aphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye ne-carbohydrate ephansi kufanele kukhethwe, lapho i-glutamine, i-arginine, i-MTC nezinye izakhi zomzimba zengezwa.
Ama-carbohydrate emalungiselelweni okudla okunempilo ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele abe ama-oligosaccharides noma ama-polysaccharides, kanye ne-fiber eyanele yokudla, ekhuthaza ukwehlisa izinga kanye nezinga lokunyuka kukashukela egazini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2022